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Combatants, civilians, activists or journalists? The role-orientation of citizen OSINT investigators in participative warfare in Ukraine
Hindrichs, Nils Benjamin ; Dimitrov, Michal (advisor) ; Neag, Annamária (referee)
The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine has given rise to an unprecedented scale of so-called citizen OSINT investigations. Private citizens from all over the world, organizing online, use publicly available information and data such as satellite imagery, social media, or flight tracking, to investigate human-rights violations, war crimes, misinformation campaigns and troop movements. But what is their role in a context of participative war? Through seven semi- structured interviews, this thesis explores and maps the role-orientation of citizen OSINT investigators in the context of the war in Ukraine, finding that they specifically value and try to follow self-imposed rules of verification, impartiality and responsibility towards themselves and others. Bringing together specialized skills, knowledge, and routines, the findings also point towards a community that consists of "unprofessional professionals", bringing about a comparative advantage of the citizen OSINT community over legacy media. Moreover, based on the interviews, a typology of four different but intersecting cognitive role-orientations is suggested, contributing to the exploration of a phenomenon that yet needs to be examined academically. Keywords OSINT, open-source intelligence, citizen journalism, participative war, journalistic...
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The use of social media as new information platforms during the war in Ukraine
Smržová, Aneta ; Jirků, Jan (advisor) ; Charvát, Jakub (referee)
The Diploma thesis titled "The use of social media as new information platforms during the war in Ukraine" is primarily devoted to the Twitter social network and its content. In the diploma work is defines not only a journalist, but also an ordinary user and influencer. The author also focuses on new journalistic sources, the deprofessionalization of journalism and the issue of social media. The thesis aims to analyze the behavior and reasons for reporting on the war in Ukraine by both sides - journalists and ordinary users who do not make a living from journalism. The content of the work is also dedicated to an analysis of the Twitter posts of all ten respondents from the first two weeks of the war. The conclusion summarizes the most important findings.
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Politická satira na sociálních sítích
MENCLOVÁ, Tereza
The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of ridicule of politics and politicians in the current media environment. Due to the rapid changes in the media landscape and the new possibilities of the Internet, the relationship between the media and democracy has changed. This also reshaped the character of political satire. The theoretical part explains the relationship between the media and democracy. Subsequently, attention is paid to the changes that satire has undergone, not only from a historical point of view but also from the wave of digitization. The phenomenon of the last few years, the so-called usergenerated satire, which is a satire spread by media users (prosumers), is also explained in more detail. The practical part is focused on the description of the Czech Instagram satirical account TMBK. The aim of the work is to show on the example typical features for prosumer content and to summarize a new kind of satire.
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The motivation of participatory journalists in czech TV news programme
Šedivá, Tereza ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Trunečka, Ondřej (referee)
The following Master's thesis is focused on participatory journalism. Participatory journalism has become an interesting and important part of media production since the invention of Web 2.0. In recent years, the concept of listeners and viewers creating professional news has been used by radio, television and online media all over the world, including Czech television and its ČT24 news programme. Czech TV launched a project called iReportér in 2015. People can send photos or videos of what is happening around them through a mobile application or a website. These materials, checked by editors, may be later used in a broadcast, on the website or on Czech TV social media profiles. The theoretical part of the thesis will explain main concepts necessary for understanding how participatory journalism works. For example, what is convergence, who are the produsers, what is Web 1.0., 2.0. and 3.0. It will describe what the advantages of participatory journalism are and how it is different from citizen journalism. One section will focus on ethics and another on examples of participatory journalism projects abroad and in the Czech Republic. In the practical part, the author will present applied research methods. After that, the author will evaluate data from the questionnaire survey and from in-depth...
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Šesták, Martin ; Švelch, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Osvaldová, Barbora (referee)
User-generated content and its use in digital news media Abstract This thesis deals with increasing activity of Internet users who intensively create, publish and spread their own content. Huge part of this content is related to news and interferes in the traditional field of mass media organizations, which have to put up with newly established situation. The theoretical part of text describes the development of network media and strives for ground active user participation into media discourse and historical context. Therewithal, this part introduces kinds of user-created contents, defines their characteristics and analyzes these users who are called "prosumers" or "produsers" in the Web 2.0 era. The attention is also focused on user-generated content used by news websites and citizen journalism. The second part analyzes how the foremost world news media use and benefit from user-generated content. Examined media are iReport CNN, uReport Fox News, Have Your Say BBC and France 24. The text also analyzes Czech news media, especially ČT24 news channel and main Czech news websites and offers comparison with world media. Both parts of the thesis focus on web and television news service.
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User-generated content and its use in mainstream Czech audiovisual media shows
Fraj, Gabriela ; Jirků, Jan (advisor) ; Jakubisko, Jorik (referee)
This thesis looks at user-generated content within Czech audiovisual mainstream media. It places this user-generated content within the wider context of citizen journalism, while also comparing this with professional journalism both in terms of ethics and the method topics are processed. The study also takes an excursion into the history of Czech, and Czechoslovak, radio and television broadcasting in terms of the very first interactions of the particular media with viewers and listeners. The study also provides an overview of how listeners and viewers have been able to get involved in content production over the history of radio and television. The study selects programmes within the four most listened-to radio stations and the three most watched television groups in which listeners or viewers are involved in some manner. It uses compositional framing analysis to describe the format of these programmes, and it analyses theme and episode scopes to map their content better. The work also provides a brief comparison of the programmes analysed in terms of the similarity or difference of content and the methods by which viewers or listeners generate content within the programmes. The objective of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive perspective on user-generated content including practical examples...
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Critical reflection of projects and platform Ushahidi
Růžičková, Silvie ; Souček, Martin (advisor) ; Valůch, Jaroslav (referee)
This presented work deals with crowdsourcing tools for mapping and filtering of data that are created by the Ushahidi, Inc. and ways of their use. Ushahidi and SwiftRiver platforms and hosted version of Ushahidi called Crowdmap are counted among the tools for crisis mapping; however, more and more they are also used for other topics or issues. The aim of this work is to subject to a critical point of view not only the Ushahidi platform as a tool, but also a number of significant or interesting projects in which it was used. Presented is also the recommendation, how to use Ushahidi to create a successful project and the other way round what to avoid, when you work with Ushahidi. The basic building elements of Ushahidi are crowdsourcing, citizen journalism, geospatial information, and in particular the work of volunteers. This work describes the role of these building elements in Ushahidi, and subjects to critical reflection also the problematic sides, which Ushahidi is struggling with. Following is the analysis of selected sample of Ushahidi and Crowdmap deployments, which deals with the thematic, geographical and time stratification of the maps in the sample. Some significant uses of Ushahidi with humanitarian and non-humanitarian purpose of the deployment are examined in the end.
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User-generated content and its use in news media
Šesták, Martin ; Švelch, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Jirák, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to explore the increasing activity of internet users who intensively create, publish and spread their own content. The majority of this content is related to news and traditional forms of mass media organizations, which now must contend with the new means in which to disseminate information. The theoretical portion of this thesis describes the development of network media and strives for ground active user participation in media discourse and a historical context. Kinds of user-created contents will be introduced, defining their characteristics and analyzes these users who are called "prosumers" or "produsers" in the Web 2.0 era. Attention is also focused on user-generated content accessed by news websites and citizen journalism. The second part analyzes how the foremost world news media use and benefit from user-generated content. Examined media are iReport CNN, uReport Fox News and Have Your Say BBC. The text also analyzes the Czech news media, especially ČT24 news channel and main Czech news websites. The thesis closes with a comparison between Czech and world media and offers analysis of different media organizations approaches to user-generated content. Both parts of the thesis focus on web and television news service.
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Civic journalism and community discourse on the example of website Slavistickenoviny.cz
Minařík, Miloš ; Kraus, Jiří (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
This thesis attempts to contribute to the general recognition of the phenomenon known as active audience that is generated by technical possibilities of contemporary digitalized media world collectively known as the era of Web 2.0. In this respect, the thesis follows the specific aspects, which accompany the transition from traditional ways of communication and methods of spreading information in the new and constantly evolving world of cyberspace. The thesis is based on the current general principles and theories, which are applied and compared in a relevant form at the Fan community site Slavistickenoviny.cz. The thesis follows two main directions. The first one focuses on the Web site as a product of citizen journalism. It deals with a comparison of the efforts of its authors with professional media outcomes. It also observes the rules, that are taken from the media and on the contrary evaluates differences. At the same time, the thesis deals with professional media taking over the amateur content. The second main aim focuses on a virtual community formed around the web itself. With application of qualitative research and discourse analyses, the thesis focuses on the search of internal mechanisms and the principles of the virtual community functioning. It reveals its overt and covert manifestations and...
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